Dr. Sapiro earned a PhD from Carnegie Mellon University in Materials Science and Engineering with a specialty in corrosion. He performed failure analysis and quality analysis for the Department of Defense, including safety critical components, as well as other public and private organizations. He has experience in materials selection in Defense and nuclear applications. His manufacturing experience includes both conventional manufacturing and advanced manufacturing, including two patents pending in manufacturing processes related to metal 3D printing. This knowledge is supported by hands-on manufacturing experience in forging (blacksmithing), casting, machining, welding, and electrochemical surface treatments. This experience has enabled reverse engineering studies in archaeometallurgy and for the Department of Defense.